Add comprehensive error handling and HTTP request timeouts

System625requested to merge
system625/paulina:fix/error-handling-and-timeouts into main

Improve application reliability and debuggability by implementing proper error handling and adding timeout parameters to all external API requests to Wikidata.

Changes:

  • Replace 9 bare exception handlers with specific exception types (TypeError, KeyError, AttributeError, ValueError, and requests.exceptions.RequestException)
  • Add structured error logging with context in all app.py routes
  • Add 10-second timeout to all HTTP requests in pdclasses.py, search.py, and squeries.py
  • Catch requests.exceptions.RequestException for network-related errors

This prevents indefinite hangs when Wikidata APIs are slow or unresponsive, and provides detailed error information for debugging production issues.

Bug: T409914

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