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gitlab-ci.yaml: add tests

See merge request !2

To support scenarios where the `runs.as` or `lives.as` user/group
already exists in the base image, pair the calls to `useradd` and
`groupadd` with `getent` conditionals.

Bug: T268819
Change-Id: I3aef722ac57b38695c7411e64b41589fad16e95b

The `apt.proxies` field is now merged by appending second set of
proxies to the original.

Example:

    apt:
      proxies:
        - url: http://proxy.example:8080
    variants:
      foo:
        apt:
          proxies:
            - url: http://proxy.example:8081
              source: http://security.debian.org

In the above example, the effective `apt.proxies` configuration for the
`foo` variant would include both the base `proxy.example:8080` proxy and
the `proxy.example:8081` proxy specific to the `security.debian.org`
source.

Bug: T277109
Change-Id: I64bad1eb1e6fb6712a5de178be3aa273936a2df5

Defines a new `apt.proxies` field that allows users to specify
http/https proxy URLs that apply to one or all APT sources. APT
configuration for the proxies will be written prior to package
installation and then removed.

Both a shorthand and longhand configuration are supported.

Example:

    apt:
      packages: [foo]
      proxies: [http://proxy.example:8080]

Is a shorthand equivalent of:

    apt:
      packages: [foo]
      proxies:
        - url: http://proxy.example:8080

In which case, the following APT config is written before installing
packages, proxying all http sources via `http://proxy.example:8080`.

    Acquire::http::Proxy "http://proxy.example:8080";

Example:

    apt:
      packages: [foo]
      proxies:
        - url: https://proxy.example:8081
          source: https://security.debian.org

In which case, the following APT config is written before installing
packages, proxying only https requests to security.debian.org via
`https://proxy.example:8081`.

    Acquire::https::Proxy::security.debian.org "https://proxy.example:8081";

Other changes include a refactoring of the `AptConfig.Packages` type and
unmarshalling function. A formal type `AptPackages` is now defined,
derived from `map[string][]string`, and the `UnmarshalJSON` member
function moved there. This was done to avoid bloating of the general
`AptConfig` unmarshal function with implementation for both fields
(`packages` and `proxies`).

The new `AptConfig.Proxy` type defines its own unmarshal function to
support both shorthand and longhand configurations.

Bug: T277109
Change-Id: I5b82efcc441e48890cfab62747519d8986d7e8ac

To support image compositions that rely on copying files from one or
more external images, allow `ArtifactsConfig.From` to be any valid image
reference.

Generalize `baseimage` validator as `imageref` and create a new
`artifactfrom` validator alias for `imageref|variantref`. Use the new
validator for `From`.

Additionally, omits non-variant `From` references from the dependency
graph.

Change-Id: I3b92d815b62856fe5a8df836b37cce0043a74ffa

A `python` config block already triggered installing pip via
easy_install which is pretty specific to python2 era usage. It then used
pip to install/update pypi packages for setuptools, wheel, and tox. This
change adds the pip package to that set of pypi install/update packages.
This is useful to ensure that the resulting image is capable of
installing manylinux2014 formatted wheels (pip >= 19.3). Debian Buster's
python3-pip package is pip 18.1 which is too old to look for
manylinux2014 wheels when installing packages such as cryptography which
have stopped publishing wheels with the older manylinux1 and
manylinux2010 platform tags.

Existing pinning of pip to a version less than 21.0 is preserved for
those poor, unloved python2 projects that linger in an ever colder and
darker world hostile to their kind.

Bug: T274435
Change-Id: I81f0af69dbd4f9202bc9736faf653813c81fc0ad

Pip 21 has dropped support for Python 2 but is still strangely
selected for installation when running setuptools with a python2 binary.
Let's pin pip when a `version` is specified that starts with "python2".

Note this will require python 2 users to explicitly specify `version:
python2` even if their default `python` binary in the base image is for
python 2.

Bug: T273793
Change-Id: Id7d4315e345657ce7ac2efdd0b065d693e47b2f5